SAFE Finance Blog

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The image shows two tall, modern skyscrapers, each featuring glass facades. On the left is the Commerzbank Tower in Frankfurt, Germany, reflecting a cloudy sky with surrounding trees at its base. On the right is the UniCredit Tower in Milan, Italy, with a curved, sleek design. The tower is reflecting a sunset sky, casting a warm glow over the landscape below. A green diagonal line separates the two buildings, emphasizing the comparison between them.

Bero Gebhard & Tobias Tröger: Unicredit's takeover bid has sparked a debate over takeover law. Calls for reform, however, appear premature

Simplifying the bank capital framework and temporary relief on the Basel III market-risk rules

Two grey fighter jets fly in close formation against a clear blue sky. Both aircraft are angled slightly upward and carry equipment mounted beneath their wings and fuselage. No other objects are visible in the background.

After Russia’s 2022 invasion of Ukraine, defense stocks surged—but after the 2023 Hamas attack on Israel, they barely reacted. Our study suggests markets respond less to war itself than to other factors

Private credit vulnerabilities, integrated EU reporting, and climate risk supervision

Claes Bäckman: Relaxing downpayment rules may benefit existing homeowners more than first-time buyers

Denise Rößler and Vincent Lindner: Payment service providers like Visa and Mastercard shape Europe’s payments ecosystem. The digital euro could change that

Advancing capital markets integration and clearing the way for Ukrainian support loan

Alexander Hillert and Denise Rößler: After an optimistic start to the year, manager sentiment declines markedly due to geoeconomic disruptions

Andre, Schaffranka, Weber: Elevated inflation perceptions after the surge are a common phenomenon and may linger longer today

CMDI reform adoption and EBA guidelines on third-country branch capital and reporting

Elke König: Without simplification, fragmentation will persist and capital market integration will not advance

EBA retail diversification guidelines and transition of PSD 2 and MiCA

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SAFE Finance Blog

Unicredit/Commerzbank: Is German takeover law in need of reform?

The SAFE Regulatory Radar in June 2026

What two conflicts reveal about investor expectations in the global arms industry

The SAFE Regulatory Radar in May

Macroprudential policies do not lower homeownership rates

The price of paying: Europe’s payments and the digital euro

The SAFE Regulatory Radar in April

War in the Middle East dampens optimism sparked by strong 2025 results

Upward bias in inflation perceptions persists

The SAFE Regulatory Radar in March

Savings and Investment Union: Strengthening supervision is not enough

The SAFE Regulatory Radar in February

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